Effective cash liquidity optimization and cross-border treasury strategy are critical for energy firms operating in Sub-Saharan Africa, where unique challenges such as political instability, currency volatility, and limited financial infrastructure pose significant risks. This paper explores the latest advances in liquidity management and treasury strategies employed by energy firms in the region, with a focus on how innovative approaches can address these challenges. Cash liquidity optimization techniques, such as cash forecasting, liquidity planning, and cash concentration, are examined, along with the role of digital platforms and financial technologies in improving cash flow management. The paper also delves into cross-border treasury strategies, highlighting the importance of currency risk management, efficient cash management structures, and the impact of local regulations on treasury decisions. Key strategies for navigating cross-border complexities, including hedging instruments, centralized treasury models, and the use of multi-currency accounts, are discussed in the context of the region’s financial ecosystem. The paper also identifies the role of emerging technologies, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, in enhancing treasury operations and liquidity management in the energy sector. Furthermore, it addresses institutional, regulatory, and infrastructural barriers that hinder effective treasury management, offering practical insights into overcoming these obstacles. Through case studies and examples from Sub-Saharan energy firms, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of best practices in cash liquidity optimization and cross-border treasury strategy, offering recommendations for energy firms and policymakers to improve financial stability, optimize cash flows, and manage cross-border risks. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the growing importance of advanced treasury practices for Sub-Saharan energy firms to remain competitive in a dynamic and volatile market.