This chapter seeks to examine the diverse forms and implications of land encroachment in the state of Odisha which is known for its extreme socio-economic and educational backwardness, acute poverty, starvation deaths and violent conflicts over the issue of involuntary-displacement. Taking into account the historical processes of dispossession and marginalization in rural Odisha, the paper attempts to argue that the current phase of displacement, involuntary Rehabilitation, Resettlements and dispossession needs to be analyzed in the broader context of livelihood security and employment transition in rural Odisha. It is argued here that conceptualizing ‘land grabbing’ as part of the continuing processes of primitive accumulation under globalization provides greater analytical insights into the underlying political and economic forces that shape such massive reconfiguration of property rights over land and natural resources. However, local economic and political processes such as peasant differentiation, livelihood insecurity, agrarian distress, seasonal food and employment insecurity, social and spatial concentration of poverty, capture of the local resources by elite class, remain significant in explaining the specific dynamics of land grabbing and the neoliberal policies in contemporary Odisha for the establishment of mega developmental projects.