Abstract

Pharmaceutical warehousing and cold chain management in tropical regions present persistent challenges due to climatic extremes, infrastructure limitations, and supply chain inefficiencies. This paper proposes a predictive inventory optimization model tailored to address the dynamic constraints associated with pharmaceutical storage and temperature-sensitive distribution in such environments. Grounded in an extensive review of literature, the model integrates predictive analytics, environmental monitoring, and demand forecasting to mitigate risks of stockouts, spoilage, and logistical delays. The framework is structured to support evidence-based decision-making and supply resilience without relying on primary data. It draws insights from over 100 peer-reviewed sources spanning logistics optimization, cold chain systems, inventory theory, and pharmaceutical policy. The paper aims to guide public health agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and logistics planners in building adaptive and cost-effective inventory strategies for tropical healthcare contexts.