The intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and cancer progression presents a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies. This review explores the critical roles of lipid metabolism and lipid droplets in cancer cells, highlighting how these pathways support tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. Preclinical models have made significant strides by inhibiting key enzymes and disrupting lipid droplet dynamics. However, translating these findings into clinical applications poses substantial challenges, including potential side effects and toxicity. This review also identifies future research directions to refine these therapeutic strategies, enhance their efficacy, and mitigate adverse effects, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes in cancer treatment.