Mediation has emerged as a strategic tool to alleviate the growing challenge of court backlogs in legal systems worldwide. This paper presents a comparative framework for utilizing mediation to address court congestion in the U.S. and Nigerian legal systems. Both jurisdictions face significant pressures due to increasing caseloads, which impact the efficiency and effectiveness of judicial processes. By examining the application of mediation in these distinct legal environments, this study aims to highlight its potential as a transformative approach to case management. The comparative framework explores the implementation of mediation in the U.S. and Nigeria, focusing on key factors such as procedural integration, stakeholder involvement, and cultural acceptance. In the U.S., mediation has been widely adopted and institutionalized within various court systems, showcasing its role in reducing case loads and expediting dispute resolution. Conversely, Nigeria is in the early stages of integrating mediation into its legal framework, with ongoing efforts to enhance its acceptance and effectiveness. The paper discusses best practices from the U.S. that can be adapted to the Nigerian context, including the establishment of mediation programs, training of mediators, and the development of supportive legal and institutional frameworks. It also addresses challenges faced by both systems, such as varying levels of resource availability, legal infrastructure, and public perception of mediation. By comparing these two systems, the study provides insights into how mediation can be strategically employed to streamline case resolution processes and reduce court backlogs. The framework underscores the importance of context-specific adaptations and collaborative efforts in implementing mediation practices effectively.