Bamboo is widely cultivated in China, but it is generally prone to discoloration and rapid development. As an important renewable resource, it broads application prospects in various fields such as architecture, furniture, paper making, etc. However, due to the rich nutrients such as starch, protein, and sugars in bamboo, as well as its strong hygroscopicity, it is very prone to mildew during processing, transportation, storage, and use, which not only reduces the use value of bamboo can also lead to significant economic losses. This paper comprehensively summarizes the causes of mildew in bamboo and bamboo products, and reviews typical anti-mildew treatment technologies and new-mildew agents in recent years, aiming to provide references for further research and application in the field of bamboo anti-mildew/, and to promote efficient utilization of resources and the development of the industry.